Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)^®

Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2022

Effects shown in research

Maternal health

Findings rated high

Lutenbacher, M., Dietrich, M. S., & Elkins, T. (2016). Evaluation of the Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW) program model in a sample of Hispanic women: A collaborative project between Catholic Charities and Vanderbilt University School of Nursing. Report submitted to the Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness (HomVEE) Review.

Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
Average number of prenatal visits during pregnancy	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Prenatal period	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	177 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 9.00 Visits	Unadjusted mean = 9.20 Visits	Mean difference = -0.20	HomVEE calculated = -0.09	Not statistically significant, p= 0.48

Lutenbacher, M., Elkins, T., & Dietrich, M. S. (unpublished manuscript). Using community health workers to improve health outcomes in a sample of Hispanic women and their infants: Findings from a randomized clinical trial.

Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 weeks postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	109 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 1.26	Unadjusted mean = 1.26	Mean difference = 0.00	Study reported = -0.01	Not statistically significant, p= 0.95	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D.
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	35 weeks gestation	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	102 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 1.44	Unadjusted mean = 1.47	Mean difference = -0.02	Study reported = -0.06	Not statistically significant, p= 0.75	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D.
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	9 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	109 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 1.20	Unadjusted mean = 1.43	Mean difference = -0.23	Study reported = -0.56	Statistically significant, p <.01	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D.
Parenting Stress Index 4 (PSI): Total stress score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	109 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 67.00	Unadjusted mean = 79.40	Mean difference = -12.40	Study reported = -0.77	Statistically significant, p <.01	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D.
Parenting Stress Index 4 (PSI): Total stress score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	15 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	109 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 59.10	Unadjusted mean = 77.10	Mean difference = -18.00	Study reported = -1.19	Statistically significant, p <.01	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D.
Parenting Stress Index 4 (PSI): Total stress score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	109 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 79.80	Unadjusted mean = 76.90	Mean difference = 2.90	Study reported = 0.14	Not statistically significant, p = 0.43	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D.
Parenting Stress Index 4 (PSI): Total stress score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 weeks postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	109 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 75.70	Unadjusted mean = 77.70	Mean difference = -2.00	HomVEE calculated = -0.09	Not statistically significant, p= 0.64	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Parenting Stress Index 4 (PSI): Total stress score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	109 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 75.30	Unadjusted mean = 75.30	Mean difference = 0.00	Study reported = 0.00	Not statistically significant, p = 1.00	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D.
Parenting Stress Index 4 (PSI): Total stress score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	9 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	108 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 72.20	Unadjusted mean = 78.50	Mean difference = -6.30	Study reported = -0.35	Statistically significant, p = 0.04	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D.

Lutenbacher, M., Elkins, T., Dietrich, M. S., & Riggs, A. (2018). The efficacy of using peer mentors to improve maternal and infant health outcomes in Hispanic families: Findings from a randomized clinical trial. Maternal & Child Health Journal, 22(1), 92-104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-018-2532-z

Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	176 mothers	Unadjusted median = 0.00	Unadjusted median = 3.00	Median difference = -3.00	Study reported = -1.08	Statistically significant, p <.01	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D.
Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 weeks postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	177 mothers	Unadjusted median = 0.00	Unadjusted median = 5.00	Median difference = -5.00	Study reported = -1.41	Statistically significant, p <.01	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D.
Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	178 mothers	Unadjusted median = 0.00	Unadjusted median = 0.00	Median difference = 0.00	Study reported = -0.76	Statistically significant, p <.01	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D.
Parenting Stress Index 4 (PSI): Total stress score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	176 mothers	Unadjusted median = 74.00	Unadjusted median = 76.00	Median difference = -2.00	Study reported = -0.46	Statistically significant, p= 0.00	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D.
Parenting Stress Index 4 (PSI): Total stress score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 weeks postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	177 mothers	Unadjusted median = 74.00	Unadjusted median = 76.00	Median difference = -2.00	Study reported = -0.45	Statistically significant, p= 0.00	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D.
Parenting Stress Index 4 (PSI): Total stress score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	178 mothers	Unadjusted median = 74.00	Unadjusted median = 77.00	Median difference = -3.00	Study reported = -0.72	Statistically significant, p <.01	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D.

Findings rated moderate

Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Had a postpartum checkup	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	110 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.91	Unadjusted proportion = 0.94	Difference = -0.03	Study reported = 0.23	Not statistically significant, p= 0.56	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D.
Had a postpartum checkup	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	110 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 1.00	Unadjusted proportion = 0.96	Difference = 0.04	Study reported = 0.41	Not statistically significant, p= 0.09	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D.

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Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)®

Effects shown in research

Maternal health

Findings rated high

Findings rated moderate

Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)^®